Becas para la formación de médicos especialistas académicos del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile / Academic residents fellowship program at the University of Chile Clinical Hospital

The mission of the University of Chile Clinical Hospital is to be the main University Hospital in the country. Along with training of health professionals in clinical practice and research, the Hospital provides comprehensive health solutions to the community. Since its foundation, it played an important role in the training of health professionals and specialists. To fulfill this mission, it is important to have outstanding academics and a system that allows their renewal and replacement. From January 25, 2001, the University of Chile approved the regulations that rule the Residents Program Fellowship, aimed to train the new generations of clinical academics. These regulations allow the financing of training programs in basic or primary specialties (such as internal medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, among others) or in specialties derived from them (such as cardiology, gastroenterology and reproductive medicine, among others.) The different clinical departments and the Hospital Direction define each year how many places will be offered and in which specialties. The Faculty of Medicine Graduate School carries out the formal selection of the applicants. This article reviews the results of this program between 2013 and 2021, analyzing in detail the traceability of each graduate over the years.

Estimating the cost of training an ophthalmologist in Brazil / Estimativa do custo para formação de um oftalmologista no Brasil

ABSTRACT Introduction: It is estimated that 23% of the Brazilian population does not have access to an ophthalmologist, mainly because of the irregular geographical distribution of experts. It may be expensive to train ophthalmologists in Brazil. Objective: To estimate the cost of training an ophthalmologist and the labor market conditions so that the provider recovers the investment. Methods: Epidemiological study in databases from governmental sources and institutions related to the eye health system regulation. Results: The cost for training an ophthalmologist would be equal to R$ 592.272,00. After specialization, if the provider pledged all his/her income to recover the amount spent on training, it would take 5.2 years to reach the point of equilibrium. Conclusion: Young doctors from families unable to afford the cost of their education and support for at least 14 years after the beginning of the undergraduate course will hardly be able to specialize in Ophthalmology if they are unable to carry out their studies in public educational institutions. And those who can specialize are likely to choose to practice their profession in large urban centers, where most of the job opportunities are available, to at least recover the financial investment in training in the medium term.

RESUMO Introdução: Estima-se que 23% da população brasileira não tenha acesso ao oftalmologista, devido, principalmente, à falta de recursos do Sistema Público de Saúde e à distribuição geográfica irregular dos especialistas. É possível que seja caro formar oftalmologistas no Brasil. Assim, é compreensível que a maioria dos profissionais optem para ficar próximos dos grandes centros consumidores, onde estão as melhores remunerações. Objetivo: Estimar o custo para a formação de um oftalmologista e as condições do mercado de trabalho para que ele recupere o investimento. Métodos: estudo epidemiológico em bases de dados de fontes governamentais e de instituições relacionadas à regulamentação do sistema de saúde ocular. Resultados: Estimou-se que o custo para formação de um oftalmologista seja de R$ 592.272,00. Após a especialização, caso ele empenhe todo seu rendimento para reaver o valor gasto em sua formação, precisaria de 5,2 anos para atingir o ponto de equilíbrio. Conclusão: Jovens médicos oriundos de famílias incapazes de arcar com o custo de sua formação e de seu sustento, por pelo menos 14 anos após o início da graduação, dificilmente conseguirão se especializar em Oftalmologia, se não conseguirem realizar seus estudos em instituições públicas de ensino. E aqueles que conseguem se especializar, provavelmente optem por exercer a profissão em grandes centros urbanos, onde está a maior parte das oportunidades de trabalho, a fim de, a médio prazo, conseguir, pelo menos, recuperar o investimento financeiro na formação.

Cost of producing a medical doctor at Chulalongkorn University.

To illustrate the cost of producing a medical doctor through a 6-year curriculum and the analysis of the cost components of the Faculty of Medicine, could be used as key data for future planning, budgeting and preparation for the autonomous university. The cost centers were categorized to be executive, education support and education unit. The simultaneous equation method was employed to allocate all costs from other associated cost centers to the education unit. The unit cost per enrolled student was 2,161,124 baht and 8,217 Baht/Student Credit Hour (SCH), while the unit cost per graduate was 2,174,091 baht and 8,267 Baht/SCH. The labor cost accounted for 69.46 per cent, capital cost, 26.42 per cent and material cost, 4.12 per cent of the total medical doctor production cost. The three most costly departments were,: Department of Medicine (13.24%), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (11.73%) and Department of Paediatrics (9.87%). The cost-fee ratio (cost/fee) was 95:5 which suggested that medical students obtain 95 per cent subsidy from the government budget or the society. If the University becomes autonomous and less dependent on public budget, the fee may have to be adjusted higher to cover the cost. The percentage of drop out and repeat students was 0.00-0.88 per cent with a delay duration of about 6 months to one year only. The opportunity cost of six years' study for a student attending the medical school was 544,956 baht which raised the total cost per graduate to 2,719,047 baht from student/societal perspective.

O programa de residência médica do Governo do Estado de Säo Paulo: análise histórica e tendências de desenvolvimento / The medical residency in the Säo Paulo State government: analysis and trends of development

Analisa o Programa de Bolsas de Residência Médica, administrado pela FUNDAP, num contexto em que o Governo do Estado é o principal financiador e seu papel vinculado às necessidades do SUS.

Sistema de residencias y relación costo/beneficio con respecto a otros sistemas de atención médica / Residence system and cost/benefit related to other medical assistance systems

Ante el planteo del problema de si la residencia es un adecuado sistema de asistencia, y frente al desconocimiento de la relación costo/beneficio en la atención médica por residentes, y con el objetivo de comparar un grupo de variables (número de diagnósticos, uso de exámenes de laboratorio, mortalidad global y días de estadía) entre pacientes asistidos por la Residencia (1990-1991) y por la Planta (1986-1987), se estudiaron retrospectivamente 609 pacientes, en quienes se registraron sexo, edad, diagnósticos efectuados, días de estadía, uso de métodos complementarios y condiciones de alta. Los resultados arrojaron una estadía por paciente más corta, un mayor número de diagnósticos, mayor índice de sobrevida y menor índice de mortalidad en pacientes asistidos por la Residencia, con un mayor costo en el uso de métodos de laboratorio

Costo beneficio de una residencia / Cost/Benefit of Residence Program

El costo de las acciones relacionadas con cualquier emprendimiento constituye un factor fundamental en la toma de decisiones. Los ,costos de la salud y de la educación han aumentado aceleradamente, haciendo racional exigir el uso eficiente de los fondos. Los estudios Costo/Beneficio son adecuados para esta misión. Se estudió un programa de Residencia de Clínica Quirúrgica, dependiente de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. El costo por Residente con programa completo se elevó a $50.674. Las residencias son programas de alto costo. Los innegables beneficios de la Residencia, se refieren a la consecución de los objetivos docentes propuestos. Se refieren a la formación de profesionales técnicamente idóneos, con sólida formación en los planos ético, moral y social, capaces de proveer óptima promoción, protección y rehabilitación de la salud, contemplando la prevalecia lesional como uno de sus pilares fundamentales. La medida objetiva de los beneficios es casi imposible de concretar, debiendo definir instrumentos de evaluación que permitan expresarlos. Defender la Residencia como sistema debe ser más que una expresión de deseo. Implica un compromiso racional y creativo, para evitar cristalizaciones definitivas en un mundo donde la inestabilidad y el cambio permanentes obligan a hombres e instituciones a adaptarse para sobrevivir. El análisis Costo/Beneficio provee una medida de la realidad que permite sugerir ajustes y proponer nuevas soluciones